E

E7250

b) Describe the methods of computation of volume by i) Average end formula and (7.5) ii)

b)

b)

b)

௦)

9

Prismoidal formula
a) What is transit theodolite and what are the temporary adjustments in Theodolite? (7.5) ४७)
Explain the method of observing the horizontal angle by the method of repetition (7.5) and
reiteration in triangulation survey. What are the errors eliminated by the method of repetition?
a) Explain the terms; (7.5)

i) Satellite stations ii) reduction to centre ii) Opaque Signals
The following perpendicular offsets were taken at 10m intervals from a (7.5)

survey line AB to an irregular boundary line: 2.50, 3.80, 4.33, 6.76, 5.30, 7.25,

8.95, 8.25 and 5.50.Calculate the area in sqm, enclosed between the survey line,

the irregular boundary ,the first and the last offsets by i) Simpsons rule ii)the

trapezoidal rule iii) the average ordinate rule

PARTC
Answer any two full questions, each carries 20 marks.

a) Explain the terms; (10)

i) Azimuth 11) Zenith and nadir 111) Polar distance iv)

Celestial sphere v) Co-altitude
What are the advantages and applications of Total Station? (10)
a) State the fundamental principle of the method of least squares and describe how (4) to
determine the most probable value in direct observations of equal weights?
The following are the condition equations of different weights. Construct the (6) normal
equations for x, y and z.

4x + 2y +7- 1] = 0, wt:3

3x + 39 +2z—9 ಎ0, wt:2

5x + y +3z— 16 =0, wt:4

Explain the principle of Electromagnetic Distance Measurement and describe the (10) types of
EDM instruments?

a) What are the errors in Total Station survey? (4)
b) What are the fundamental parameters that can be measured using Total Station? (6)
c) Explain the laws of weights established from the method of least squares. (10)

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