* Most of codes: Written in ೩ high-level language (HLL), -0”, =C++‘or Java
Assembly Language Programming Advantage
٠ Assembly codes sensitive to the processor, memory, ports and devices hardware
Gives a precise control of the processor internal devices Enables full use of processor
specific features in its instruction set and its addressing modes Machine codes are
compact, processor and memory sensitive

٠ System needs a smaller memory. Memory needed does not depend on the

programmer data type selection and rule declarations

٠ Not the compiler specific and library functions specific
* Device driver codes may need only a few assembly instructions.

٠ Bottom-up-design approach

Advantage of using high level language (HLL) for Programming Short Development
Cycle

* Code reusability- A function or routine can be repeatedly used in a program

* Standard library functions- For examples, the mathematical functions and delay ( ), wait(),
sleep( ) functions

* Use of the modular building blocks

* Sub-modules are designed first for specific and distinct set of actions, then the modules and
finally integration into complete design.

* First code the basic functional modules and then build a bigger module and then integrate
into the final system

* First design of main program (blueprint), then its modules and finally the sub-modules are
designed for specific and distinct set of actions.

* Top-down design most favored program design approach

Use of Data Type and Declarations

* Examples, char, int, unsigned short, long, float, double, Boolean.

* Each data type provides an abstraction of the (1) methods to use, manipulate and represent,
and (ii) set of permissible operations.

Use of Type Checking

٠ Type checking during compilation makes the program less prone to errors.

٠ Example- type checking on ೩ char data type variable (a character) doesn’t permit

subtraction, multiplication and division.