Families of related systems developed earlier taken into consideration during designing

- Modular Design

Decomposition of software into modules that are to be implemented. Modules should be such
that they can be composed Be clearly understood and maintain continuity. Appropriate
protection strategies are necessary for each module. A module is not permitted to change or
modify module functionality. For example, protection from a device driver modifying the
configuration of another device

‎UMapping‏ لا

‎Mapping into various representations done considering the software requirements. For
example, data flow in the same path during the program flow can be mapped together as a
single entity. Transform and transaction mapping Transform and transaction mapping For
example, an image is input data to a system; it can have a different number of pixels and
colors of each pixel. The system has to store or process each pixel and color. Transform
mapping of image is done by appropriate compression and storage algorithms. Transaction
mapping is done to define the sequence of the images

‎- User Interfaces Design

‎Designed as per user requirements, analysis of the environment and system functions. For
example, in an automatic chocolate vending machine system, the user interface is a LCD
matrix display. It can display a welcome message as well as specify the coins needed to be
inserted into the machine for each type of chocolate. Same ACVM may be designed with
touch screen GUI. Same ACVM may be designed with VUIs. A GUI or VUI or user interface
or LCD matrix display

‎- ‘Refinements
Each component and module design needs to be refined iteratively till it becomes the most

‎appropriate for implementation by the software team.

‎3.b) PARALLEL BUSDEVICE PROTOCOLS - PCI Bus

‎_ Parallel bus enables a host computer or system to communicate simultaneously 32-bit or
64-bit with other devices or systems, for example, to a network interface card (NIC) or

‎graphic card