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B4E0562

PART C
Answer all questions. Each carries 3 marks.

What are the basic data types available for attributes in SQL?
List the aggregate functions in SQL.

Let E = {8 >A, DOA, ൧8൭൧) is a set of Functional Dependencies. Find a

minimal cover for E.

Define Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF). Give an example of a relation that is in

3NF but not in BCNF.
PART D
Answer any two questions. Each carries 9 marks.

Consider the following relations for bank database (Primary keys are underlined):

Customer (customer-name, customer-street, customer-city)
Branch (branch-name, branch-city, assets)
Account (account-number, branch-name, balance)
Depositor (customer-name, account-number)
Loan (loan-number, branch-name, amount)
Answer the following in SQL:
i) Create tables with primary keys and foreign keys
ii) Create an assertion for the sum of all loan amounts for each branch must
be less than the sum of all account balances at the branch.
Given R(A,B,C,D,E) with the set of FDs, F= (൧-൩, ABC ‏تمہ‎ ೮ —A}.
i) Find any two candidate keys of R
ii) What is the normal form of R? Justify your answer.
What are Armstrong’s axioms?
Write an algorithm to compute the attribute closure of a set of attributes (X)
under a set of functional dependencies (F).
Explain three uses of attribute closure algorithm.
PARTE
Answer any four questions. Each carries 10 marks.
What are the different types of single-level ordered indices? Explain.
What is a B*-tree?
Describe the structure of both internal and leaf nodes of a B*-tree of order p
Differentiate between static hashing and dynamic hashing.
How concurrency is controlled using Timestamp Ordering algorithm.
Explain the concepts behind the following: -
i) Log-Based Recovery
ii) Deferred Database Modification.
What are the components of GIS?
Explain the characteristics of data in GIS.
What are the constraints in GIS?

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