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E1176

Explain SONET/SDH frame format.

PART D
Answer any two full questions, each carries9 marks.
Encode the bit stream 10101010 into the following line coding

schemes assuming that the last signal level has been negative:

i) NRZ-I

ii) NRZL

iii) Manchester

iv) Differential Manchester

೪) Bipolar AMI (Most recent preceding 1 bit has negative

voltage)

vi) Pseudoternary (Most recent preceding 1 bit has negative
voltage)
Convert the bit stream 101010 in to analog signals by using ASK,
Binary FSK and Binary PSK
Explain Frequency Division Multiplexing process.
Discuss Digital Carrier Systems.
With neat diagram, explain delta modulation technique.
Discuss wave length division multiplexing.

PART E

Answer any four full questions, each carries 10 marks.

Differentiate Synchronous and Asynchronous transmissions
How errors are detected using parity checking? What are the
limitations of parity checking?

Using CRC, given the dataword 1010011110 and the divisor 10111
i. Show the generation of the codeword at the sender site
ii. Show the checking of the codeword at the receiver site

An error detection and correction scheme has a minimum Hamming

distance, dmin= 6.

i)How many bit errors can it detect?
ii)How many bit errors can it correct?

What is the Hamming distance for each of the following codewords:
a. d (10000, 11000)
b. d (10101, 10010)

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