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06000CS307122001

Encode the bit stream 10010110 using NRZ-L and NRZ-I.

A bandpass signal has a bandwidth of 4MHz. To convert to digital signal, what is
the minimum sampling rate required for this signal?
What are the features of Frequency Division Multiplexing?

PART D
Answer any two full questions, each carries9 marks.
Explain the various steps involved in a Pulse Code Modulation system.
Convert the bit stream 101010 into analog signals by using ASK and BFSK.
Explain Code Division Multiple Access with suitable diagram.
Draw and explain SONET STS-1 frame format.
Explain how Statistical TDM utilizes channel bandwidth better than Synchronous
TDM.
Draw Manchester and Differential Manchester encoding schemes for the data
0100110.
PART E
Answer any four full questions, each carries 10 marks.
How are errors detected using parity checking? If the following sets of bits are sent
with even parity, what should be the parity bits generated?
a) 1100110 0) 0000100 ©) 11111 21111011
Differentiate Synchronous and Asynchronous transmission giving the frame format
of each.
Define Hamming distance. What is the Hamming distance for each of the following
codewords:
a. 6 (10000, 00000) b. 9 (10101, 10000) ௦. ५ (11111, 11111)
6. 6 (000, 101)
What are the conditions for minimum Hamming distance to a) detect ‘s’ errors b)
correct 1 errors ?
Suppose we want to transmit the message 11001001 and protect it from errors
using the CRC polynomial ८3 + 1. Determine the message that should be
transmitted using division method. Corrupt the left most third bit of the transmitted
message and show that the receiver can detect the error using CRC technique.
Distinguish between forward error correction and error correction by
retransmission.

Differentiate Datagram and Virtual-circuit packet switched networks.

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