5. a. Explain the effect of shear on critical loads 5 Marks b. Explain buckling of built

up columns 4 Marks

6 3. Derive the load deflection relation for a beam- column within elastic limit. 9 Marks
Explain the interaction equations for design of beam-columns

PART C

7. ഒ. Explain post buckling behaviour Of axially compressed plates 3 Marks

b. Explain non-uniform torsion. Derive the strain energy expression for non- 9 Marks
uniform torsion. Give the different buckling modes and critical load values for a

section with two axis of symmetry

8. ഒ. Obtain the critical load of a laterally unbraced frame using neutral 9 Marks

equilibrium method,

b. Explain lateral buckling of beams 3 Marks

9. ദു. Give the differential equation of plate buckling. Hence obtain the critical 12 Marks

buckling load for a rectangular plate fixed along all edges.