5. (a) Explain slow start, fast retransmit and fast recovery congestion control mechanisms.

(6)

(b) Consider sending a 2400-byte datagram into a link that has an MTU of 700 bytes.
Suppose the original datagram is stamped with the identification number 422. How many
fragments are generated? what are the values in the various fields in the IP datagram(s)
generated related to fragmentation? http:/*"mvvww.kiilonline.com (3)

6. (a) Explain BGP protocol. (5)
(b) Consider sending a large file from a host to another over a TCP connection that has
no loss.

(1) | Suppose TCP uses additive increase/multiplicative decrease for its congestion
control w/o slow Start. Assuming cwnd increases by IMSS every time a batch of ACKs
is received and assuming approximately constant round-trip times, how long does it
take for cwnd increase from 6MSS to 12MSS (Assuming no loss events)?

(2)

(11) What is the average throughout (in terms of MSS and RTT) for this connection up
through time 6RTT ?
(2)