7.

9.

8380335 Pages: 3

Answer any Two Full Questions.

(a) the following are the observed values of an angle:

Angle Weight
50°20°20” 2
50°20°22” 2
50°20°19” 3

Find i) Probable error of single observation of unit weight.
ii) Probable error of weighted arithmetic mean.
iii) Probable error of single observation of weight 3. (10)
(b) Explain the following terms
i) Celestial sphere, ii) Zenith and Nadir iii) Observer’s Meridian 15)
Hour Circle and Hour angle v) Declination and Polar distance (10)
(a) Form the normal equations for x, y and z in the following equations of equal weight.
4x+3y+z =4
x+3y+2z=6
4x+y+4z=22
If the weights of the above equations are 2,3 and | respectively, form the normal
equations for x,y,z. (10)
(b) What is meant by modulation? Explain the different methods of modulation with
examples of EDM instruments that use these modulation methods. (10)

(a) The following observations of three angles A, B, C were taken at one station

A= 83°24’6.8” with weight 3
B=55°09°54.2” with weight 2

= 110°09°28.9” with weight 2
A+B= 138°34°3” with weight 2
B+C - 7 with weight |

A+B+C= 248°43°30.9” with weight 1
Determine the most probable value of each angle by method of differences.

(10)
(b) Explain the steps to be followed for the set up of a total station over a point during
field work. (10)

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