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and also compute the included angle. (7.5)
(b) Define i) Contour ii) contour Interval iii) Contour Gradient iv) Horizontal
Equivalent. (4) (c) Explain the factors affecting the choice of contour interval.
(3.5)

PART B
Answer any Two Full questions.

(a) Volume of earth work is to be calculated for a railway embankment 12m wide with

side slope 1.5:1. Assuming the ground to be level in a direction transverse to the centre

line, calculate the volume contained in a 180m length, the centre heights at 30m

intervals in meters as 0.70,1.20,1.75,1.45,1.20,0.95,0.65 using a) prismoidal rule

and ൧) trapezoidal rule. (7.5)

(b) Explain the steps in ascertaining the intervisibility between triangulation stations.
(7.5)

(a) What is meant by eccentricity of signal? How would you correct the observation

when made upon an eccentric signal? (7.5)

(b) The following table gives the latitudes and departures in metres of the sides of a

closed traverse ABCDEA

Latitude Departure

DE 1.23 5.40

EA 8.69 1.80

Calculate the area of the traverse by latitude and meridian distance method and latitude

and double meridian distance method. (7.5)

(a) Define the following terms:

i) Mass haul diagram ii) free haul and over 1801111) Lead and lift. (7.5)

(b) Two triangulation stations A and B are 70km apart and have elevations 250m and
290m respectively. Find the minimum height of signal required at B so that line of
sight may not pass near the ground than 2 metres. The intervening ground may be

assumed to have a uniform elevation of 200m. (7.5) PART C

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