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LIBRARY
REFERENCE

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transportation shortfalls by expanding the road network. Although development of road network
is important, roads comprise only one component of the entire transport system.

Energy intensity of various transport modes is a key factor in determining transport related
environmental impacts. Energy consumption per passenger km by bus is the least and is highest
for cars among road based personalised vehicles. On an average, a car consumes six times more
energy than a bus, while two-wheelers consume 2.5 times and three-wheelers 4.7 times more
energy. In terms of fuel cost per passenger km, a three-wheeler is about six to seven times
costlier than a bus and two-wheeler is at least twice costlier than the bus.

Although the traffic density on the roads has increased manifold over the years, the
improvements in transportation network have not kept pace with the growth of population and
motor vehicles. Transportation problems, experts say need to be tackled in a coordinated, multi-
nodal system of road, rail and water transport and also using the latest trends in engineering.
Some initiatives have been taken up by the Government to improve the public transport system

and to discourage the entry of private vehicles.

. (a) Explain the concept of Sustainable Transport System. (3)

(b) Referring to the above information, list out the impacts of existing transportation system on
the three basic pillars of sustainability. (3)

(c) Infer the paragraphs above and list out the importance and methods for implementing
sustainable transportation in Kerala. (4)
Module 5
Arya: Aneesh, the article in this magazine says that our coal reservoirs are enough to meet the
growing energy demands of present generation. | wonder, then why all are talking too much

about alternative energy sources.
Aneesh: Its because it is our responsibility to keep the available resources for our future

generations too.

. (a) Give your comment on this conversation. (2)
(b) List out the advantages of using renewable energy sources. (3)
(c) Discuss on the contribution of coal power to Kerala’s energy production. (2)
(d) How can you make use of renewable sources of energy at your home? (3)

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